30 4.6 Post-positions
Post-Positions Video
Instructor Video: Post-positions
English has a class of words called тАЬprepositionsтАЭ. Prepositions are the words that precede a phrase and indicate a relationship between the phrase and another word in the sentence. Hindi has a similar class of words known as тАЬpost-positionsтАЭ. As the name implies, post-positions come after the word they modify. In other respects, however, they are very similar to prepositions in English.
Simple Post-positions
Simple post-positions consist of a single word.
Examples
| Post-position | English | Examples | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Hindi | English | ||
| рдореЗрдВ | in | рдореЗрд░реЗ рд╢рд╣рд░ рдореЗрдВ | In my town |
| рдкрд░ | on, | рдореЗрдЬрд╝ рдкрд░ | On a table |
| at | рдШрд░ рдкрд░ | At home | |
| рд╕реЗ | from | рднрд╛рд░рдд рд╕реЗ | from India |
| by | рдЯреНрд░реЗрди рд╕реЗ | by train | |
| with | рдХрд▓рдо рд╕реЗ | with a pen | |
| since | рдмрдЪрдкрди рд╕реЗ | since childhood | |
| рдХрд╛/рдХреА/ рдХреЗ | ‘s | рд╕реЛрдиреЗ рдХрд╛ рдХрдорд░рд╛ рдШрд░ рдХреА рдЦрд┐рдбрд╝рдХреА рдШрд░ рдХреЗ рд▓реЛрдЧ |
bed room
House’s window (window of a house) |
| рдХреЛ | to | рд▓рдбрд╝рдХреЗ рдХреЛ рдЖрдк рдХреЛ |
to a boy
to you |
Compound Post-positions
Hindi has many compound post-positions as well. Compound post-positions consist of two or more words. Most compound post-positions begin with the post-position рдХреЗ, рдХреА, or рд╕реЗ.
Examples
| Post-position | English | Examples | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Hindi | English | ||
| x рдХреЗ рд▓рд┐рдпреЗ | for x | рдШрд░ рдХреЗ рд▓рд┐рдпреЗ | For house |
| x рдХреЗ рдмрд╛рд░реЗ рдореЗрдВ | about x | рд╢рд╣рд░ рдХреЗ рдмрд╛рд░реЗ рдореЗрдВ | About town |
| x рдХреА рд╡рдЬрд╣ рд╕реЗ / рдХреЗ рдХрд╛рд░рдг | because of x | рдЖрдк рдХреА рд╡рдЬрд╣ рд╕реЗ / рдХреЗ рдХрд╛рд░рдг | Because of you |
| x рд╕реЗ рджреВрд░ | far from x | рдШрд░ рд╕реЗ рджреВрд░ | far from home |
| x рдХреЗ рдирдЬрд╝рджреАрдХ / рдкрд╛рд╕ | near x | рдШрд░ рдХреЗ рдирдЬрд╝рджреАрдХ / рдкрд╛рд╕ | near home |
| x рд╕реЗ / рдХреЗ рдкрд╣рд▓реЗ | before x | рд╕реНрдХреВрд▓ рд╕реЗ / рдХреЗ рдкрд╣рд▓реЗ | before school |
| x рдХреЗ рдмрд╛рд╣рд░ | outside x | рдШрд░ рдХреЗ рдмрд╛рд╣рд░ | outside home |
| x рдХреЗ рдЕрдВрджрд░ | inside the x | рдШрд░ рдХреЗ рдЕрдВрджрд░ | inside the home |
| x рдХреЗ рдмрд╛рдж | after x | рд╕реНрдХреВрд▓ рдХреЗ рдмрд╛рдж | after school |
| x рдХреЗ рдКрдкрд░ | above/ on/ on top of x | рдШрд░ рдХреЗ рдКрдкрд░ | above/ on/ on top of home |
| x рдХреЗ рдиреАрдЪреЗ | under/ beneath/ below x | рдЫрдд рдХреЗ рдиреАрдЪреЗ | under/ beneath/ below roof |
| x рдХреА рддрд░рдлрд╝ | towards x | рдЖрдк рдХреА рддрд░рдлрд╝ | towards you |
| x рдХреЗ рд╕рд╛рдордиреЗ | in front of x | рдЖрдк рдХреЗ рд╕рд╛рдордиреЗ | in front of you |
| x рдХреЗ рдкреАрдЫреЗ | behind x | рдЖрдк рдХреЗ рдкреАрдЫреЗ | behind you |
| x рдХреЗ рдЖрдЧреЗ | ahead of x | рдЖрдк рдХреЗ рдЖрдЧреЗ | ahead of you |
| x рдХреЗ рд╕рд╛рде | together with/ with/ along with x | рдЖрдк рдХреЗ рд╕рд╛рде | together with/ with/ along with you |
| x рдФрд░ y рдХреЗ рдмреАрдЪ | between x and y | рд╕реНрдХреВрд▓ рдФрд░ рдШрд░ рдХреЗ рдмреАрдЪ | between school and home |
Test yourself
Fill in the blanks with suitable post-position.
рдзрдиреНрдпрд╡рд╛рдж !
Please see chapter 3 for more details on a post-position рдХрд╛/рдХреА/рдХреЗ
Unlike English, рдХреЛ "to" is not used for destination in Hindi. I am going to school. рдореИрдВ рд╕реНрдХреВрд▓ рдЬрд╛ рд░рд╣рд╛ рд╣реВрдБ |