{"id":79,"date":"2020-08-03T17:14:31","date_gmt":"2020-08-03T17:14:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ibooks.braou.ac.in\/aaohindiseekhein\/chapter\/personal-pronouns-with-verb-to-be\/"},"modified":"2026-04-07T10:10:53","modified_gmt":"2026-04-07T10:10:53","slug":"personal-pronouns-with-verb-to-be","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/ibooks.braou.ac.in\/aaohindiseekhein\/chapter\/personal-pronouns-with-verb-to-be\/","title":{"raw":"2.7 Personal Pronouns with Verb \"To be\"","rendered":"2.7 Personal Pronouns with Verb “To be”"},"content":{"raw":"

Verb \"To be\"<\/h2>\nInstructor Video: Verb \"to be\"<\/a><\/strong>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Singular pronouns and verb \"to be.\"<\/strong><\/th>\nPlural pronouns and verb \"to be.\"<\/strong><\/th>\n<\/tr>\n
Hindi<\/strong><\/th>\nTransliteration<\/em><\/strong><\/th>\nEnglish<\/strong><\/th>\nHindi<\/strong><\/th>\nTransliteration<\/em><\/strong><\/th>\nEnglish<\/strong><\/th>\n<\/tr>\n
\u092e\u0948\u0902 __\u0939\u0942\u0901\u00a0<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\nmain __hoon<\/span><\/em><\/td>\nI am __.<\/td>\n\u0939\u092e __\u0939\u0948\u0902<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\nhum __hain<\/span>\u00a0<\/em><\/td>\nWe are __.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[pb_glossary id=\"256\"]\u0924\u0942<\/span>[\/pb_glossary] __\u0939\u0948<\/span>\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\ntu __hai<\/span>\u00a0<\/em><\/td>\nYou are __.<\/td>\n\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/em><\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0924\u0941\u092e __\u0939\u094b\u00a0<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\ntum __ho<\/span><\/em><\/td>\nYou are __.<\/td>\n\u0924\u0941\u092e __\u0939\u094b\u00a0<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\ntum __ho<\/span><\/em><\/td>\nYou are __.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0906\u092a __\u0939\u0948\u0902<\/span>\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\naap __hain<\/span>\u00a0<\/em><\/td>\nYou are __.<\/td>\n\u0906\u092a __\u0939\u0948\u0902<\/span>\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\naap __hain<\/span>\u00a0<\/em><\/td>\nYou are __.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u092f\u0939\/\u0935\u0939 __\u0939\u0948<\/span>\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\nye\/wo __hai<\/span><\/em><\/td>\nS\/he, This\/That is __.<\/td>\n\u092f\u0947\/\u0935\u0947 __\u0939\u0948\u0902\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\nye\/we __hain<\/span><\/em><\/td>\nThey, These\/Those are __.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Table 3. List of Personal pronouns with the forms of verb \u0939\u094b\u0928\u093e<\/span> \"to be.\"<\/p>\n\n

Summary<\/h3>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Verb \"to be\"<\/strong><\/th>\nPronouns<\/strong><\/th>\nExamples<\/strong><\/th>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0939\u0942\u0901<\/span><\/strong> hoon<\/span><\/em><\/td>\n\u092e\u0948\u0902<\/span><\/td>\n\u092e\u0948\u0902 \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u0915 \u0939\u0942\u0901 |<\/span><\/strong> main adhyaapak hoon<\/span><\/em>. I am a teacher.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0939\u094b<\/span><\/strong> ho<\/span><\/em><\/td>\n\u0924\u0941\u092e<\/span><\/td>\n\u0924\u0941\u092e \u091b\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0939\u094b |<\/span><\/strong> tum chhaatr ho<\/span><\/em>. You are a student<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0939\u0948<\/span><\/strong> hai<\/span><\/em><\/td>\n\u0924\u0942, \u092f\u0939, \u0935\u0939 <\/span>(Singular pronouns)<\/td>\n\u0924\u0942 \u0932\u0921\u093c\u0915\u093e \u0939\u0948 |<\/span><\/strong> tu laRakaa hai<\/span><\/em>. You are a boy.\n\n\u092f\u0939 \u090f\u0915 \u0915\u093f\u0924\u093e\u092c \u0939\u0948 |<\/span><\/strong> ye ek kitaab hai<\/span><\/em>. This is a book.\n\n\u0935\u0939 \u090f\u0915 \u092e\u0947\u091c\u093c \u0939\u0948 |<\/span><\/strong> wo ek mez hai<\/span><\/em>. That is a table.\n\n\u092a\u0940\u091f\u0930 \u090f\u0915 \u0926\u094b\u0938\u094d\u0924 \u0939\u0948<\/span><\/strong> | Peter ek dost hai<\/span><\/em>. Peter is a friend.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0939\u0948\u0902<\/span><\/strong> hain<\/span><\/em><\/td>\n\u0939\u092e, \u0906\u092a, \u092f\u0947, \u0935\u0947<\/span> (Plural pronouns\/honorific)<\/td>\n\u0939\u092e \u091b\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0939\u0948\u0902 |<\/span><\/strong> hum chhaatr hain<\/span><\/em>. We are students.\n\n\u0906\u092a \u0905\u091a\u094d\u091b\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 |<\/span><\/strong> aap achchhe hain<\/span><\/em>. You are good.\n\n\u092f\u0947\/\u0935\u0947 \u0915\u093f\u0938\u093e\u0928 \u0939\u0948\u0902 |<\/span><\/strong> ye\/we kisaan hain<\/span><\/em>. They are farmers.\n\n\u092f\u0947 \u0938\u092c\u094d\u091c\u093c\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901 \u0939\u0948\u0902 |<\/span><\/strong> ye sabziyaan hain<\/span><\/em>. These are vegetables.\n\n\u0935\u0947 \u092b\u0932 \u0939\u0948\u0902 |<\/span><\/strong> we phal hain<\/span><\/em>. Those are fruits.\n\n\u092b\u093c\u093f\u0932\u093f\u092a \u091c\u0940 \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u0915 \u0939\u0948\u0902 |<\/span><\/strong> Philip ji adhyaapak hain<\/span><\/em>. Philip ji is my teacher.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Table 4. List of verb \u0939\u094b\u0928\u093e<\/span> \"to be,\" with personal pronouns.<\/p>\n\n

Positive Sentence and the Verb \u0939\u094b\u0928\u093e<\/span> \"to be\"<\/h3>\n

Unlike English, the standard word order of Hindi is: Subject-Object-Verb (SOV).<\/p>\n

Structure 1:<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
English Structure<\/th>\nSubject<\/strong><\/th>\nVerb<\/strong><\/th>\nObject<\/strong><\/th>\n<\/tr>\n
This<\/td>\nis<\/td>\na pen<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Hindi Structure<\/th>\nSubject<\/strong><\/th>\nObject<\/strong><\/th>\nVerb<\/strong><\/th>\n<\/tr>\n
This<\/td>\na pen<\/td>\nis<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u092f\u0939<\/span><\/td>\n\u090f\u0915 \u0915\u0932\u092e<\/span><\/td>\n\u0939\u0948 |<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Negative Sentence in Hindi and the Verb \u0939\u094b\u0928\u093e<\/span> \"to be\"<\/h2>\n

Structure 2:<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
English structure<\/th>\nSubject<\/strong><\/th>\nVer<\/strong>b<\/strong><\/th>\nNegative<\/strong><\/th>\nObject<\/strong><\/th>\n<\/tr>\n
This<\/td>\nis<\/td>\nnot<\/td>\na pen<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Hindi structure<\/th>\nSubject<\/strong><\/th>\nObject<\/strong><\/th>\nNegative<\/strong><\/th>\nVerb<\/strong><\/th>\n<\/tr>\n
This<\/td>\na pen<\/td>\nnot<\/td>\nis<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u092f\u0939<\/span><\/td>\n\u090f\u0915 \u0915\u0932\u092e<\/span><\/td>\n\u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902<\/span><\/td>\n\u0939\u0948 |<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Yes\/No question and the Verb \u0939\u094b\u0928\u093e<\/span> \"to be\"<\/h2>\n

In English, we move auxiliary verb at the beginning of a sentence to form a yes\/no question. Whereas, in Hindi, the word \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e<\/span><\/strong> kyaa<\/em> is used at the beginning of a sentence to form a yes\/no question. Please note that here the word \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e<\/strong><\/span> kyaa<\/span><\/em> does not mean \"what.<\/p>\n

Structure 3:<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
English structure<\/th>\nAuxiliary verb<\/strong><\/th>\nSubject<\/strong><\/th>\nObject<\/strong><\/th>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Is<\/td>\nthis<\/td>\na pen<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Hindi structure<\/th>\n\u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e<\/span> kyaa<\/span>\u00a0<\/strong><\/th>\nSubject<\/strong><\/th>\nObject<\/strong><\/th>\nVerb<\/strong><\/th>\n<\/tr>\n
Kyaa<\/span><\/td>\nthis<\/td>\na pen<\/td>\nis<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e<\/span><\/td>\n\u092f\u0939<\/span><\/td>\n\u090f\u0915 \u0915\u0932\u092e<\/span><\/td>\n\u0939\u0948 ?<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Yes\/No question + Negative and the Verb \u0939\u094b\u0928\u093e<\/span> \"to be\"<\/h2>\n

Structure 4:<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
English structure<\/th>\nAuxiliary verb<\/strong><\/th>\n(negative)<\/strong><\/th>\nSubject<\/strong><\/th>\n(Negative)<\/strong><\/th>\nObject<\/strong><\/th>\n<\/tr>\n
Is<\/td>\n(not)<\/td>\nthis<\/td>\n(not)<\/td>\na pen<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Isn't this a pen? \/ Is this not a pen?<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Hindi structure<\/th>\n\u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e kyaa\u00a0<\/strong><\/th>\nSubject<\/strong><\/th>\nObject<\/strong><\/th>\nNegative<\/strong><\/th>\nAuxiliary Verb<\/strong><\/th>\n<\/tr>\n
kyaa<\/td>\nthis<\/td>\na pen<\/td>\nnot<\/td>\nis<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e<\/span><\/td>\n\u092f\u0939<\/span><\/td>\n\u090f\u0915 \u0915\u0932\u092e<\/span><\/td>\n\u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902<\/span><\/td>\n\u0939\u0948 ?<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Activities<\/h2>\n

Now as you know how to change a simple Hindi sentence into Negative, yes\/no question, and yes\/no question + negative, please fill the following table as instructed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Positive<\/strong><\/th>\nNegative<\/strong><\/th>\nYes\/No Question<\/strong><\/th>\nYes\/No<\/strong> Question + Negative<\/strong><\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
\u092e\u0948\u0902 \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u0915 \u0939\u0942\u0901 |\u00a0<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n\u0939\u092e \u0926\u094b\u0938\u094d\u0924 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u0948\u0902 |<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n<\/td>\n\u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0935\u0947 \u091b\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0939\u0948\u0902?<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n\u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0906\u092a \u0939\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0926\u0941\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u0948\u0902 ?<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0924\u0942 \u092d\u093e\u0908 \u0939\u0948 |<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n\u0924\u0941\u092e \u091b\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093e \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u094b |<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n<\/td>\n\u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u092f\u0939 \u0906\u0932\u0942 \u0939\u0948 ?<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n\u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0935\u0939 \u091f\u092e\u093e\u091f\u0930 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u0948 ?<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Please fill in the blanks with suitable object to form five sentences with each pronoun given below. You can use the vocabulary list in this chapter or dictionary for any help that you need to complete this activity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Subject<\/strong><\/th>\nObject<\/strong><\/th>\nVerb \"to be.\"<\/strong><\/th>\nEnglish<\/strong><\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
\u092e\u0948\u0902<\/span><\/td>\n\u090f\u0915 \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u0915<\/span><\/td>\n\u0939\u0942\u0901 |<\/span><\/td>\nI am a teacher.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u092e\u0948\u0902<\/span><\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u092e\u0948\u0902<\/span><\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u092e\u0948\u0902<\/span><\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u092e\u0948\u0902<\/span><\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0939\u092e<\/span><\/td>\n\u0926\u094b\u0938\u094d\u0924<\/span><\/td>\n\u0939\u0948\u0902 |<\/span><\/td>\nWe are friends.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0939\u092e<\/span><\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0939\u092e<\/span><\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0939\u092e<\/span><\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0939\u092e<\/span><\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0924\u0942<\/span><\/td>\n\u0939\u094b\u0936\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0930<\/span><\/td>\n\u0939\u0948 |<\/span><\/td>\nYou are smart.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0924\u0942<\/span><\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0924\u0942<\/span><\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0924\u0942<\/span><\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0924\u0942<\/span><\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0924\u0941\u092e<\/span><\/td>\n\u090f\u0915 \u0932\u0921\u093c\u0915\u0947<\/span><\/td>\n\u0939\u094b |<\/span><\/td>\nYou are a boy.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0924\u0941\u092e<\/span><\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0924\u0941\u092e<\/span><\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0924\u0941\u092e<\/span><\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0924\u0941\u092e<\/span><\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0906\u092a<\/span><\/td>\n\u0905\u091a\u094d\u091b\u0940<\/span><\/td>\n\u0939\u0948\u0902 |<\/span><\/td>\nYou (female) are good.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0906\u092a<\/span><\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0906\u092a<\/span><\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0906\u092a<\/span><\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0906\u092a<\/span><\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u092f\u0939<\/span><\/td>\n\u090f\u0915 \u0915\u093f\u0924\u093e\u092c<\/span><\/td>\n\u0939\u0948 |<\/span><\/td>\nThis is a book.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u092f\u0939<\/span><\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u092f\u0939<\/span><\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u092f\u0939<\/span><\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u092f\u0939<\/span><\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0935\u0939<\/span><\/td>\n\u0906\u092a\u0915\u093e \u0924\u094c\u0932\u093f\u092f\u093e<\/span><\/td>\n\u0939\u0948 |<\/span><\/td>\nThat is your towel.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0935\u0939<\/span><\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0935\u0939<\/span><\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0935\u0939<\/span><\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0935\u0939<\/span><\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u092f\u0947<\/span><\/td>\n\u0938\u092c\u094d\u091c\u093c\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901<\/span><\/td>\n\u0939\u0948\u0902 |<\/span><\/td>\nThese are vegetables.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u092f\u0947<\/span><\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u092f\u0947<\/span><\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u092f\u0947<\/span><\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u092f\u0947<\/span><\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u092f\u0947<\/span><\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0935\u0947<\/span><\/td>\n\u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e<\/span><\/td>\n\u0939\u0948\u0902 ?<\/span><\/td>\nWhat are those?<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0935\u0947<\/span><\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0935\u0947<\/span><\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0935\u0947<\/span><\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0935\u0947<\/span><\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Test Yourself<\/h3>\n

[h5p id=\"37\"]<\/p>\n

\u0927\u0928\u094d\u092f\u0935\u093e\u0926 !<\/strong><\/p>","rendered":"

Verb “To be”<\/h2>\n

Instructor Video: Verb “to be”<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Singular pronouns and verb “to be.”<\/strong><\/th>\nPlural pronouns and verb “to be.”<\/strong><\/th>\n<\/tr>\n
Hindi<\/strong><\/th>\nTransliteration<\/em><\/strong><\/th>\nEnglish<\/strong><\/th>\nHindi<\/strong><\/th>\nTransliteration<\/em><\/strong><\/th>\nEnglish<\/strong><\/th>\n<\/tr>\n
\u092e\u0948\u0902 __\u0939\u0942\u0901\u00a0<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\nmain __hoon<\/span><\/em><\/td>\nI am __.<\/td>\n\u0939\u092e __\u0939\u0948\u0902<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\nhum __hain<\/span>\u00a0<\/em><\/td>\nWe are __.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0924\u0942<\/span><\/a> __\u0939\u0948<\/span>\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\ntu __hai<\/span>\u00a0<\/em><\/td>\nYou are __.<\/td>\n\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/em><\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0924\u0941\u092e __\u0939\u094b\u00a0<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\ntum __ho<\/span><\/em><\/td>\nYou are __.<\/td>\n\u0924\u0941\u092e __\u0939\u094b\u00a0<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\ntum __ho<\/span><\/em><\/td>\nYou are __.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0906\u092a __\u0939\u0948\u0902<\/span>\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\naap __hain<\/span>\u00a0<\/em><\/td>\nYou are __.<\/td>\n\u0906\u092a __\u0939\u0948\u0902<\/span>\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\naap __hain<\/span>\u00a0<\/em><\/td>\nYou are __.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u092f\u0939\/\u0935\u0939 __\u0939\u0948<\/span>\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\nye\/wo __hai<\/span><\/em><\/td>\nS\/he, This\/That is __.<\/td>\n\u092f\u0947\/\u0935\u0947 __\u0939\u0948\u0902\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\nye\/we __hain<\/span><\/em><\/td>\nThey, These\/Those are __.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Table 3. List of Personal pronouns with the forms of verb \u0939\u094b\u0928\u093e<\/span> “to be.”<\/p>\n

Summary<\/h3>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Verb “to be”<\/strong><\/th>\nPronouns<\/strong><\/th>\nExamples<\/strong><\/th>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0939\u0942\u0901<\/span><\/strong> hoon<\/span><\/em><\/td>\n\u092e\u0948\u0902<\/span><\/td>\n\u092e\u0948\u0902 \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u0915 \u0939\u0942\u0901 |<\/span><\/strong> main adhyaapak hoon<\/span><\/em>. I am a teacher.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0939\u094b<\/span><\/strong> ho<\/span><\/em><\/td>\n\u0924\u0941\u092e<\/span><\/td>\n\u0924\u0941\u092e \u091b\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0939\u094b |<\/span><\/strong> tum chhaatr ho<\/span><\/em>. You are a student<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0939\u0948<\/span><\/strong> hai<\/span><\/em><\/td>\n\u0924\u0942, \u092f\u0939, \u0935\u0939 <\/span>(Singular pronouns)<\/td>\n\u0924\u0942 \u0932\u0921\u093c\u0915\u093e \u0939\u0948 |<\/span><\/strong> tu laRakaa hai<\/span><\/em>. You are a boy.<\/p>\n

\u092f\u0939 \u090f\u0915 \u0915\u093f\u0924\u093e\u092c \u0939\u0948 |<\/span><\/strong> ye ek kitaab hai<\/span><\/em>. This is a book.<\/p>\n

\u0935\u0939 \u090f\u0915 \u092e\u0947\u091c\u093c \u0939\u0948 |<\/span><\/strong> wo ek mez hai<\/span><\/em>. That is a table.<\/p>\n

\u092a\u0940\u091f\u0930 \u090f\u0915 \u0926\u094b\u0938\u094d\u0924 \u0939\u0948<\/span><\/strong> | Peter ek dost hai<\/span><\/em>. Peter is a friend.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\u0939\u0948\u0902<\/span><\/strong> hain<\/span><\/em><\/td>\n\u0939\u092e, \u0906\u092a, \u092f\u0947, \u0935\u0947<\/span> (Plural pronouns\/honorific)<\/td>\n\u0939\u092e \u091b\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0939\u0948\u0902 |<\/span><\/strong> hum chhaatr hain<\/span><\/em>. We are students.<\/p>\n

\u0906\u092a \u0905\u091a\u094d\u091b\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 |<\/span><\/strong> aap achchhe hain<\/span><\/em>. You are good.<\/p>\n

\u092f\u0947\/\u0935\u0947 \u0915\u093f\u0938\u093e\u0928 \u0939\u0948\u0902 |<\/span><\/strong> ye\/we kisaan hain<\/span><\/em>. They are farmers.<\/p>\n

\u092f\u0947 \u0938\u092c\u094d\u091c\u093c\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901 \u0939\u0948\u0902 |<\/span><\/strong> ye sabziyaan hain<\/span><\/em>. These are vegetables.<\/p>\n

\u0935\u0947 \u092b\u0932 \u0939\u0948\u0902 |<\/span><\/strong> we phal hain<\/span><\/em>. Those are fruits.<\/p>\n

\u092b\u093c\u093f\u0932\u093f\u092a \u091c\u0940 \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u0915 \u0939\u0948\u0902 |<\/span><\/strong> Philip ji adhyaapak hain<\/span><\/em>. Philip ji is my teacher.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Table 4. List of verb \u0939\u094b\u0928\u093e<\/span> “to be,” with personal pronouns.<\/p>\n

Positive Sentence and the Verb \u0939\u094b\u0928\u093e<\/span> “to be”<\/h3>\n

Unlike English, the standard word order of Hindi is: Subject-Object-Verb (SOV).<\/p>\n

Structure 1:<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
English Structure<\/th>\nSubject<\/strong><\/th>\nVerb<\/strong><\/th>\nObject<\/strong><\/th>\n<\/tr>\n
This<\/td>\nis<\/td>\na pen<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Hindi Structure<\/th>\nSubject<\/strong><\/th>\nObject<\/strong><\/th>\nVerb<\/strong><\/th>\n<\/tr>\n
This<\/td>\na pen<\/td>\nis<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u092f\u0939<\/span><\/td>\n\u090f\u0915 \u0915\u0932\u092e<\/span><\/td>\n\u0939\u0948 |<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Negative Sentence in Hindi and the Verb \u0939\u094b\u0928\u093e<\/span> “to be”<\/h2>\n

Structure 2:<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
English structure<\/th>\nSubject<\/strong><\/th>\nVer<\/strong>b<\/strong><\/th>\nNegative<\/strong><\/th>\nObject<\/strong><\/th>\n<\/tr>\n
This<\/td>\nis<\/td>\nnot<\/td>\na pen<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Hindi structure<\/th>\nSubject<\/strong><\/th>\nObject<\/strong><\/th>\nNegative<\/strong><\/th>\nVerb<\/strong><\/th>\n<\/tr>\n
This<\/td>\na pen<\/td>\nnot<\/td>\nis<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u092f\u0939<\/span><\/td>\n\u090f\u0915 \u0915\u0932\u092e<\/span><\/td>\n\u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902<\/span><\/td>\n\u0939\u0948 |<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Yes\/No question and the Verb \u0939\u094b\u0928\u093e<\/span> “to be”<\/h2>\n

In English, we move auxiliary verb at the beginning of a sentence to form a yes\/no question. Whereas, in Hindi, the word \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e<\/span><\/strong> kyaa<\/em> is used at the beginning of a sentence to form a yes\/no question. Please note that here the word \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e<\/strong><\/span> kyaa<\/span><\/em> does not mean “what.<\/p>\n

Structure 3:<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
English structure<\/th>\nAuxiliary verb<\/strong><\/th>\nSubject<\/strong><\/th>\nObject<\/strong><\/th>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Is<\/td>\nthis<\/td>\na pen<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Hindi structure<\/th>\n\u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e<\/span> kyaa<\/span>\u00a0<\/strong><\/th>\nSubject<\/strong><\/th>\nObject<\/strong><\/th>\nVerb<\/strong><\/th>\n<\/tr>\n
Kyaa<\/span><\/td>\nthis<\/td>\na pen<\/td>\nis<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e<\/span><\/td>\n\u092f\u0939<\/span><\/td>\n\u090f\u0915 \u0915\u0932\u092e<\/span><\/td>\n\u0939\u0948 ?<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Yes\/No question + Negative and the Verb \u0939\u094b\u0928\u093e<\/span> “to be”<\/h2>\n

Structure 4:<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
English structure<\/th>\nAuxiliary verb<\/strong><\/th>\n(negative)<\/strong><\/th>\nSubject<\/strong><\/th>\n(Negative)<\/strong><\/th>\nObject<\/strong><\/th>\n<\/tr>\n
Is<\/td>\n(not)<\/td>\nthis<\/td>\n(not)<\/td>\na pen<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Isn’t this a pen? \/ Is this not a pen?<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Hindi structure<\/th>\n\u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e kyaa\u00a0<\/strong><\/th>\nSubject<\/strong><\/th>\nObject<\/strong><\/th>\nNegative<\/strong><\/th>\nAuxiliary Verb<\/strong><\/th>\n<\/tr>\n
kyaa<\/td>\nthis<\/td>\na pen<\/td>\nnot<\/td>\nis<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e<\/span><\/td>\n\u092f\u0939<\/span><\/td>\n\u090f\u0915 \u0915\u0932\u092e<\/span><\/td>\n\u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902<\/span><\/td>\n\u0939\u0948 ?<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Activities<\/h2>\n

Now as you know how to change a simple Hindi sentence into Negative, yes\/no question, and yes\/no question + negative, please fill the following table as instructed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Positive<\/strong><\/th>\nNegative<\/strong><\/th>\nYes\/No Question<\/strong><\/th>\nYes\/No<\/strong> Question + Negative<\/strong><\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
\u092e\u0948\u0902 \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u0915 \u0939\u0942\u0901 |\u00a0<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n\u0939\u092e \u0926\u094b\u0938\u094d\u0924 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u0948\u0902 |<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n<\/td>\n\u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0935\u0947 \u091b\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0939\u0948\u0902?<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n\u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0906\u092a \u0939\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0926\u0941\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u0948\u0902 ?<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0924\u0942 \u092d\u093e\u0908 \u0939\u0948 |<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n\u0924\u0941\u092e \u091b\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093e \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u094b |<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n<\/td>\n\u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u092f\u0939 \u0906\u0932\u0942 \u0939\u0948 ?<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n\u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0935\u0939 \u091f\u092e\u093e\u091f\u0930 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u0948 ?<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Please fill in the blanks with suitable object to form five sentences with each pronoun given below. You can use the vocabulary list in this chapter or dictionary for any help that you need to complete this activity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Subject<\/strong><\/th>\nObject<\/strong><\/th>\nVerb “to be.”<\/strong><\/th>\nEnglish<\/strong><\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
\u092e\u0948\u0902<\/span><\/td>\n\u090f\u0915 \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u0915<\/span><\/td>\n\u0939\u0942\u0901 |<\/span><\/td>\nI am a teacher.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u092e\u0948\u0902<\/span><\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u092e\u0948\u0902<\/span><\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u092e\u0948\u0902<\/span><\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u092e\u0948\u0902<\/span><\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0939\u092e<\/span><\/td>\n\u0926\u094b\u0938\u094d\u0924<\/span><\/td>\n\u0939\u0948\u0902 |<\/span><\/td>\nWe are friends.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0939\u092e<\/span><\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0939\u092e<\/span><\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0939\u092e<\/span><\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0939\u092e<\/span><\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0924\u0942<\/span><\/td>\n\u0939\u094b\u0936\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0930<\/span><\/td>\n\u0939\u0948 |<\/span><\/td>\nYou are smart.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0924\u0942<\/span><\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0924\u0942<\/span><\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0924\u0942<\/span><\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0924\u0942<\/span><\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0924\u0941\u092e<\/span><\/td>\n\u090f\u0915 \u0932\u0921\u093c\u0915\u0947<\/span><\/td>\n\u0939\u094b |<\/span><\/td>\nYou are a boy.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0924\u0941\u092e<\/span><\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0924\u0941\u092e<\/span><\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0924\u0941\u092e<\/span><\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0924\u0941\u092e<\/span><\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0906\u092a<\/span><\/td>\n\u0905\u091a\u094d\u091b\u0940<\/span><\/td>\n\u0939\u0948\u0902 |<\/span><\/td>\nYou (female) are good.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0906\u092a<\/span><\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0906\u092a<\/span><\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0906\u092a<\/span><\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0906\u092a<\/span><\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u092f\u0939<\/span><\/td>\n\u090f\u0915 \u0915\u093f\u0924\u093e\u092c<\/span><\/td>\n\u0939\u0948 |<\/span><\/td>\nThis is a book.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u092f\u0939<\/span><\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u092f\u0939<\/span><\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u092f\u0939<\/span><\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u092f\u0939<\/span><\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0935\u0939<\/span><\/td>\n\u0906\u092a\u0915\u093e \u0924\u094c\u0932\u093f\u092f\u093e<\/span><\/td>\n\u0939\u0948 |<\/span><\/td>\nThat is your towel.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0935\u0939<\/span><\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0935\u0939<\/span><\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0935\u0939<\/span><\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0935\u0939<\/span><\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u092f\u0947<\/span><\/td>\n\u0938\u092c\u094d\u091c\u093c\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901<\/span><\/td>\n\u0939\u0948\u0902 |<\/span><\/td>\nThese are vegetables.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u092f\u0947<\/span><\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u092f\u0947<\/span><\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u092f\u0947<\/span><\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u092f\u0947<\/span><\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u092f\u0947<\/span><\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0935\u0947<\/span><\/td>\n\u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e<\/span><\/td>\n\u0939\u0948\u0902 ?<\/span><\/td>\nWhat are those?<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0935\u0947<\/span><\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0935\u0947<\/span><\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0935\u0947<\/span><\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0935\u0947<\/span><\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Test Yourself<\/h3>\n

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