{"id":33,"date":"2020-07-22T18:47:56","date_gmt":"2020-07-22T18:47:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ibooks.braou.ac.in\/aaohindiseekhein\/chapter\/half-consonants-dependent-vowels-and-vowel-consonant-conjugation\/"},"modified":"2026-04-07T10:09:40","modified_gmt":"2026-04-07T10:09:40","slug":"half-consonants-dependent-vowels-and-vowel-consonant-conjugation","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/ibooks.braou.ac.in\/aaohindiseekhein\/chapter\/half-consonants-dependent-vowels-and-vowel-consonant-conjugation\/","title":{"raw":"1.3 Dependent Vowels, and Vowel-Consonant Conjugation","rendered":"1.3 Dependent Vowels, and Vowel-Consonant Conjugation"},"content":{"raw":"

Dependent Vowels<\/span><\/h2>\nVowels in Hindi can be written independently (we learned this in the last part) and dependently. When we write a word we need to conjugate consonant with vowel letter. In order to write that consonant and vowel clusters, we need to use dependent vowel marking attached with consonant. Here is a list of dependent vowel markers.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Table 6 (above). List of independent and dependent vowels in Hindi.<\/caption>\n
Independent<\/th>\n\u0905<\/strong><\/td>\n\u0906<\/strong><\/td>\n\u0907<\/strong><\/td>\n\u0908<\/strong><\/td>\n\u0909<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Dependent<\/th>\n\u00d8<\/span><\/td>\n\u093e<\/span><\/td>\n\u093f<\/span><\/td>\n\u0940<\/span><\/td>\n\u0941<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Independent<\/th>\n\u090a<\/strong><\/td>\n\u090f<\/strong><\/td>\n\u0910<\/strong><\/td>\n\u0913<\/strong><\/td>\n\u0914<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Dependent<\/th>\n\u0942<\/span><\/td>\n\u0947<\/span><\/td>\n\u0948<\/span><\/td>\n\u094b<\/span><\/td>\n\u094c<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Independent<\/th>\n<\/td>\n\u0905\u0902<\/strong><\/td>\n\u0905:<\/strong><\/td>\n\u090b<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Dependent<\/th>\n<\/td>\n\u0902<\/span><\/td>\n\u0903<\/span><\/td>\n\u0943<\/span><\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Dependent Vowel Letters with Consonant Letters<\/h3>\nPlease watch the following video to learn how dependent vowels conjugate with consonant letters. Table 7 also shows examples of how half consonants are conjugating with dependent vowels.\n\nInstructor Video: Dependent vowel and consonant conjugation<\/a><\/strong>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Table 7 (above). Examples of conjugations of vowel and consonant letters.<\/caption>\n
<\/td>\n<\/td>\nHalf consonants<\/strong>\n<\/strong><\/span><\/th>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n<\/td>\n\u0915\u094d<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n\u0917\u094d<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n\u0924\u094d<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n\u0926\u094d<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n\u092a\u094d<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n\u0935\u094d<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n\u0938\u094d<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n\u0939\u094d<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Independent\n\nVowels\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<\/th>\n

Dependent\n\nVowels<\/th>\nConjugated consonant letters<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n
\n

\u0905<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u00d8<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\u0915<\/td>\n\u0917<\/td>\n\u0924<\/td>\n\u0926<\/td>\n\u092a<\/td>\n\u0935<\/td>\n\u0938<\/td>\n\u0939<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\n

\u0906<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u093e<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\u0915\u093e<\/td>\n\u0917\u093e<\/td>\n\u0924\u093e<\/td>\n\u0926\u093e<\/td>\n\u092a\u093e<\/td>\n\u0935\u093e<\/td>\n\u0938\u093e<\/td>\n\u0939\u093e<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0907<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n\n

\u093f<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\u0915\u093f<\/td>\n\u0917\u093f<\/td>\n\u0924\u093f<\/td>\n\u0926\u093f<\/td>\n\u092a\u093f<\/td>\n\u0935\u093f<\/td>\n\u0938\u093f<\/td>\n\u0939\u093f<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0908<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n\n

\u0940<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\u0915\u0940<\/td>\n\u0917\u0940<\/td>\n\u0924\u0940<\/td>\n\u0926\u0940<\/td>\n\u092a\u0940<\/td>\n\u0935\u0940<\/td>\n\u0938\u0940<\/td>\n\u0939\u0940<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0909<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n\n

\u0941<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\u0915\u0941<\/td>\n\u0917\u0941<\/td>\n\u0924\u0941<\/td>\n\u0926\u0941<\/td>\n\u092a\u0941<\/td>\n\u0935\u0941<\/td>\n\u0938\u0941<\/td>\n\u0939\u0941<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u090a<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n\n

\u0942<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\u0915\u0942<\/td>\n\u0917\u0942<\/td>\n\u0924\u0942<\/td>\n\u0926\u0942<\/td>\n\u092a\u0942<\/td>\n\u0935\u0942<\/td>\n\u0938\u0942<\/td>\n\u0939\u0942<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u090f<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n\n

\u0947<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\u0915\u0947<\/td>\n\u0917\u0947<\/td>\n\u0924\u0947<\/td>\n\u0926\u0947<\/td>\n\u092a\u0947<\/td>\n\u0935\u0947<\/td>\n\u0938\u0947<\/td>\n\u0939\u0947<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0910<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n\n

\u0948<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\u0915\u0948<\/td>\n\u0917\u0948<\/td>\n\u0924\u0948<\/td>\n\u0926\u0948<\/td>\n\u092a\u0948<\/td>\n\u0935\u0948<\/td>\n\u0938\u0948<\/td>\n\u0939\u0948<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0913<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n\n

\u094b<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\u0915\u094b<\/td>\n\u0917\u094b<\/td>\n\u0924\u094b<\/td>\n\u0926\u094b<\/td>\n\u092a\u094b<\/td>\n\u0935\u094b<\/td>\n\u0938\u094b<\/td>\n\u0939\u094b<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0914<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n\n

\u094c<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\u0915\u094c<\/td>\n\u0917\u094c<\/td>\n\u0924\u094c<\/td>\n\u0926\u094c<\/td>\n\u092a\u094c<\/td>\n\u0935\u094c<\/td>\n\u0938\u094c<\/td>\n\u0939\u094c<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0905\u0902<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n\n

\u0902<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\u0915\u0902<\/td>\n\u0917\u0902<\/td>\n\u0924\u0902<\/td>\n\u0926\u0902<\/td>\n\u092a\u0902<\/td>\n\u0935\u0902<\/td>\n\u0938\u0902<\/td>\n\u0939\u0902<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0905:<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n\n

\u0903<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\u0915:<\/td>\n\u0917:<\/td>\n\u0924:<\/td>\n\u0926:<\/td>\n\u092a:<\/td>\n\u0935:<\/td>\n\u0938:<\/td>\nx<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u090b<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n\n

\u0943<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\u0915\u0943<\/td>\n\u0917\u0943<\/td>\n\u0924\u0943<\/td>\n\u0926\u0943<\/td>\n\u092a\u0943<\/td>\n\u0935\u0943<\/td>\n\u0938\u0943<\/td>\n\u0939\u0943<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Test Yourself<\/h3>\n

[h5p id=\"5\"]<\/p>\n\n

Reading and Writing Task<\/strong><\/h4>\nPlease try to read the words in Worksheet 4 (below). You can write them down in Roman script then watch the video and check your answer.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Worksheet 4 (above). Reading and Writing: Please read these words and try to write them in Roman script and then check your answer using video 8 (below).<\/caption>\n
\u0915\u093e\u0915\u093e<\/span><\/td>\n\u0915\u093e\u0932\u093e<\/span><\/td>\n\u0915\u093e\u0915\u0940<\/span><\/td>\n\u0915\u094b\u0916<\/span><\/td>\n\u0918\u0940<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0917\u092e\u0932\u093e<\/span><\/td>\n\u0915\u0941\u091b<\/span><\/td>\n\u091a\u093e\u091a\u093e<\/span><\/td>\n\u091d\u0915\u093e\u091d\u0915<\/span><\/td>\n\u091a\u0916\u094b<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0915\u0908<\/span><\/td>\n\u0906\u0917<\/span><\/td>\n\u0915\u094b\u0908<\/span><\/td>\n\u0915\u094c\u0906<\/span><\/td>\n\u0905\u091a\u0942\u0915<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u091c\u093e\u0913<\/span><\/td>\n\u0906\u0913<\/span><\/td>\n\u091f\u094b\u092a\u0940<\/span><\/td>\n\u0921\u093e\u0915\u0942<\/span><\/td>\n\u0922\u0940\u0932\u0940<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u092c\u0917\u0940\u091a\u093e<\/span><\/td>\n\u092e\u093e\u0924\u093e<\/span><\/td>\n\u0925\u094b\u0921\u093c\u093e<\/span><\/td>\n\u0932\u0921\u093c\u0915\u093e<\/span><\/td>\n\u0932\u0921\u093c\u0915\u0940<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0915\u0920\u093f\u0928\u093e\u0908<\/span><\/td>\n\u0915\u093f\u0924\u093e\u092c<\/span><\/td>\n\u0926\u0947\u0935\u0928\u093e\u0917\u0930\u0940<\/span><\/td>\n\u092c\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0936<\/span><\/td>\n\u0936\u093e\u092c\u093e\u0936<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0938\u093f\u0932\u093e\u0908<\/span><\/td>\n\u090b\u0923<\/span><\/td>\n\u0915\u0943\u092a\u092f\u093e<\/span><\/td>\n\u092d\u093e\u0937\u0923<\/span><\/td>\n\u092a\u0943\u0925\u094d\u0935\u0940<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0936\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n\u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0917\u0924\u093f\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n\u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0939\u0915\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u092e\u093e\u0928\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0915\u0941\u0930\u094d\u0938\u0940\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n\u091a\u0915\u094d\u0930\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n\u0928\u092e\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093e <\/span><\/td>\n\u092a\u0930\u094d\u0935\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n\u092e\u0930\u094d\u0926\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\nInstructor Video: <\/strong>Feedback on Worksheet 4<\/strong><\/a>\n

Consonants Cluster\/Conjunct Consonants<\/span><\/h2>\n

Similar Consonants Cluster<\/h3>\n

In Hindi, similar consonants can come together in a word. They are pronounced as a lengthened consonants.<\/p>\n

For example:<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n
Hindi<\/th>\n\u092a\u0915\u094d\u0915\u093e<\/span><\/td>\n\u092c\u091a\u094d\u091a\u093e<\/span><\/td>\n\u0915\u0941\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093e<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
English<\/th>\npakka<\/span>a<\/span><\/td>\nbachcha<\/span>a<\/span><\/td>\nkutta<\/span>a<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Different Consonants Cluster<\/h3>\n

In Hindi, different consonants can come together in a word. For pronunciation, one should start with the place of articulation of the first consonant, but move the tongue position to the second consonant before releasing the air.<\/p>\n

For example:<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n
Hindi<\/th>\n\u0938\u0924\u094d\u092f<\/span><\/td>\n\u092a\u094d\u092f\u093e<\/span>\u0930<\/td>\n\u0924\u094d\u0935<\/span>\u091a\u093e<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
English<\/th>\nsaty<\/span><\/span><\/td>\npya<\/span>ar<\/span><\/td>\ntwa<\/span>chaa<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Dependent Vowel-Consonants Cluster Conjugation<\/h3>\n

When the dependent vowels come together with the consonant clusters, the dependent vowels are marked at the second consonant in a consonant cluster.<\/p>\n

Exception the short \"i\" [\u0907\/\u093f) marker, the short \"i\" marker comes before the half\/first consonant in a consonant cluster.<\/p>\n

For example:<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Consonant cluster<\/th>\n\u0906<\/td>\n\u0907<\/td>\n\u0908<\/td>\n\u0909<\/td>\n\u090a<\/td>\n\u090f<\/td>\n\u0910<\/td>\n\u0913<\/td>\n\u0914<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Dependent vowel<\/th>\n\u093e<\/td>\n\u093f<\/td>\n\u0940<\/td>\n\u0941<\/td>\n\u0942<\/td>\n\u0947<\/td>\n\u0948<\/td>\n\u094b<\/td>\n\u094c<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Combined<\/th>\n\u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e<\/td>\n\u0936\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f<\/span><\/td>\n\u092a\u0924\u094d\u0928\u0940<\/td>\n\u091a\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924<\/td>\n\u0928\u094d\u092f\u0942\u0928\u0924\u092e<\/td>\n\u0915\u094d\u0932\u0947\u0936<\/td>\n\u0926\u094d\u0935\u0948\u0924<\/td>\n\u0924\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0939\u093e\u0930<\/td>\n\u092a\u094d\u0930\u094c\u0922\u093c<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
English<\/th>\nkyaa<\/span><\/td>\nshakti<\/span><\/td>\npatnii<\/span><\/td>\nchyut<\/span><\/td>\nnyoonatam<\/span><\/td>\nklesh<\/span><\/td>\ndvait<\/span><\/td>\ntyohaar<\/span><\/td>\nprauRh<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Test Yourself<\/h3>\n

Reading and Writing Task<\/strong><\/h4>\n

Please try to read the words in Worksheet 5 (below). You can write them down in Roman script then watch the video and check your answer.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Worksheet 5 (above). Reading and Writing: Please read these words and try to write them in Roman script and then check your answer using video 9 (below).<\/caption>\n
\u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f<\/td>\n\u0938\u0924\u094d\u092f<\/td>\n\u092e\u0915\u094d\u0916\u0928<\/td>\n\u0915\u094d\u0932\u093e\u0938<\/td>\n\u0917\u094d\u0932\u093e\u0938<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u092c\u091a\u094d\u091a\u093e<\/td>\n\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939\u0923<\/td>\n\u092e\u091f\u094d\u0920\u093e<\/td>\n\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928<\/td>\n\u091c\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0926\u093e<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u092e\u0927\u094d\u092f<\/td>\n\u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e<\/td>\n\u0924\u094d\u0935\u091a\u093e<\/td>\n\u0935\u0924\u094d\u0938<\/td>\n\u0928\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0938\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0926<\/td>\n\u0936\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f<\/td>\n\u092a\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0930<\/td>\n\u0938\u094d\u0924\u092e\u094d\u092d<\/td>\n\u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0938\u094d\u0924\u092c\u094d\u0927<\/td>\n\u0935\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0938\u0932\u094d\u092f<\/td>\n\u092d\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f<\/td>\n\u0935\u0943\u0926\u094d\u0927<\/td>\n\u092a\u0943\u0937\u094d\u091f<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Instructor Video: <\/strong>Feedback on Worksheet 5<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n

\u0927\u0928\u094d\u092f\u0935\u093e\u0926 !<\/p>","rendered":"

Dependent Vowels<\/span><\/h2>\n

Vowels in Hindi can be written independently (we learned this in the last part) and dependently. When we write a word we need to conjugate consonant with vowel letter. In order to write that consonant and vowel clusters, we need to use dependent vowel marking attached with consonant. Here is a list of dependent vowel markers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Table 6 (above). List of independent and dependent vowels in Hindi.<\/caption>\n
Independent<\/th>\n\u0905<\/strong><\/td>\n\u0906<\/strong><\/td>\n\u0907<\/strong><\/td>\n\u0908<\/strong><\/td>\n\u0909<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Dependent<\/th>\n\u00d8<\/span><\/td>\n\u093e<\/span><\/td>\n\u093f<\/span><\/td>\n\u0940<\/span><\/td>\n\u0941<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Independent<\/th>\n\u090a<\/strong><\/td>\n\u090f<\/strong><\/td>\n\u0910<\/strong><\/td>\n\u0913<\/strong><\/td>\n\u0914<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Dependent<\/th>\n\u0942<\/span><\/td>\n\u0947<\/span><\/td>\n\u0948<\/span><\/td>\n\u094b<\/span><\/td>\n\u094c<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Independent<\/th>\n<\/td>\n\u0905\u0902<\/strong><\/td>\n\u0905:<\/strong><\/td>\n\u090b<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Dependent<\/th>\n<\/td>\n\u0902<\/span><\/td>\n\u0903<\/span><\/td>\n\u0943<\/span><\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Dependent Vowel Letters with Consonant Letters<\/h3>\n

Please watch the following video to learn how dependent vowels conjugate with consonant letters. Table 7 also shows examples of how half consonants are conjugating with dependent vowels.<\/p>\n

Instructor Video: Dependent vowel and consonant conjugation<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Table 7 (above). Examples of conjugations of vowel and consonant letters.<\/caption>\n
<\/td>\n<\/td>\nHalf consonants<\/strong>
\n<\/strong><\/span><\/th>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n<\/td>\n\u0915\u094d<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n\u0917\u094d<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n\u0924\u094d<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n\u0926\u094d<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n\u092a\u094d<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n\u0935\u094d<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n\u0938\u094d<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n\u0939\u094d<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Independent<\/p>\n

Vowels<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<\/th>\n

Dependent<\/p>\n

Vowels<\/th>\n

Conjugated consonant letters<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n
\n

\u0905<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u00d8<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\u0915<\/td>\n\u0917<\/td>\n\u0924<\/td>\n\u0926<\/td>\n\u092a<\/td>\n\u0935<\/td>\n\u0938<\/td>\n\u0939<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\n

\u0906<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u093e<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\u0915\u093e<\/td>\n\u0917\u093e<\/td>\n\u0924\u093e<\/td>\n\u0926\u093e<\/td>\n\u092a\u093e<\/td>\n\u0935\u093e<\/td>\n\u0938\u093e<\/td>\n\u0939\u093e<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0907<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n\n

\u093f<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\u0915\u093f<\/td>\n\u0917\u093f<\/td>\n\u0924\u093f<\/td>\n\u0926\u093f<\/td>\n\u092a\u093f<\/td>\n\u0935\u093f<\/td>\n\u0938\u093f<\/td>\n\u0939\u093f<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0908<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n\n

\u0940<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\u0915\u0940<\/td>\n\u0917\u0940<\/td>\n\u0924\u0940<\/td>\n\u0926\u0940<\/td>\n\u092a\u0940<\/td>\n\u0935\u0940<\/td>\n\u0938\u0940<\/td>\n\u0939\u0940<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0909<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n\n

\u0941<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\u0915\u0941<\/td>\n\u0917\u0941<\/td>\n\u0924\u0941<\/td>\n\u0926\u0941<\/td>\n\u092a\u0941<\/td>\n\u0935\u0941<\/td>\n\u0938\u0941<\/td>\n\u0939\u0941<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u090a<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n\n

\u0942<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\u0915\u0942<\/td>\n\u0917\u0942<\/td>\n\u0924\u0942<\/td>\n\u0926\u0942<\/td>\n\u092a\u0942<\/td>\n\u0935\u0942<\/td>\n\u0938\u0942<\/td>\n\u0939\u0942<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u090f<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n\n

\u0947<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\u0915\u0947<\/td>\n\u0917\u0947<\/td>\n\u0924\u0947<\/td>\n\u0926\u0947<\/td>\n\u092a\u0947<\/td>\n\u0935\u0947<\/td>\n\u0938\u0947<\/td>\n\u0939\u0947<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0910<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n\n

\u0948<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\u0915\u0948<\/td>\n\u0917\u0948<\/td>\n\u0924\u0948<\/td>\n\u0926\u0948<\/td>\n\u092a\u0948<\/td>\n\u0935\u0948<\/td>\n\u0938\u0948<\/td>\n\u0939\u0948<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0913<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n\n

\u094b<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\u0915\u094b<\/td>\n\u0917\u094b<\/td>\n\u0924\u094b<\/td>\n\u0926\u094b<\/td>\n\u092a\u094b<\/td>\n\u0935\u094b<\/td>\n\u0938\u094b<\/td>\n\u0939\u094b<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0914<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n\n

\u094c<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\u0915\u094c<\/td>\n\u0917\u094c<\/td>\n\u0924\u094c<\/td>\n\u0926\u094c<\/td>\n\u092a\u094c<\/td>\n\u0935\u094c<\/td>\n\u0938\u094c<\/td>\n\u0939\u094c<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0905\u0902<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n\n

\u0902<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\u0915\u0902<\/td>\n\u0917\u0902<\/td>\n\u0924\u0902<\/td>\n\u0926\u0902<\/td>\n\u092a\u0902<\/td>\n\u0935\u0902<\/td>\n\u0938\u0902<\/td>\n\u0939\u0902<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0905:<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n\n

\u0903<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\u0915:<\/td>\n\u0917:<\/td>\n\u0924:<\/td>\n\u0926:<\/td>\n\u092a:<\/td>\n\u0935:<\/td>\n\u0938:<\/td>\nx<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u090b<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n\n

\u0943<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\u0915\u0943<\/td>\n\u0917\u0943<\/td>\n\u0924\u0943<\/td>\n\u0926\u0943<\/td>\n\u092a\u0943<\/td>\n\u0935\u0943<\/td>\n\u0938\u0943<\/td>\n\u0939\u0943<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Test Yourself<\/h3>\n

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