{"id":229,"date":"2026-04-07T11:12:16","date_gmt":"2026-04-07T11:12:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ibooks.braou.ac.in\/aaohindiseekhein\/chapter\/grammar_oblique-case\/"},"modified":"2026-04-07T11:12:17","modified_gmt":"2026-04-07T11:12:17","slug":"grammar_oblique-case","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/ibooks.braou.ac.in\/aaohindiseekhein\/chapter\/grammar_oblique-case\/","title":{"raw":"4.7 Oblique Case","rendered":"4.7 Oblique Case"},"content":{"raw":"\n<h2 style=\"text-align: center\">Oblique Case Video<\/h2>\n<div style=\"text-align: center\">\n<p style=\"text-align: left\"><strong>Instructor Video: <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/mediaspace.msu.edu\/media\/Chapter+4_Oblique+Case_OER\/1_xzz8d3e6\"><strong>Oblique Case<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">Case is a property of a word which indicates its uses within a phrase or a sentence. In Hindi, based on form, there are two types of case: (a) Direct case, and (b) Oblique case.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: left\"><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: left\">(a) Direct Case: The direct case is used with a nominal phrase which is not followed by a post-position.<\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: left\">(b) Oblique Case: The oblique case is used with a nominal phrase which is followed by a post-position.<\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: left\"><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: left\">Nouns, pronouns, adjectives and verbs change in oblique case form when followed by a post-position.<\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: center\"><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: center\"><strong>Note:<\/strong> Please note that when a nouns, pronouns, adjectives and verbs are in oblique case form, they do not change their meanings. It is just a grammatical form which has nothing to do with the meaning of those words. This is why, typically, Hindi learners struggle to acquire this very crucial but meaningless feature of Hindi language.<\/div>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: center\">Oblique Noun<\/h2>\n<div style=\"text-align: center\">\n<h3 style=\"text-align: center\"><strong>Masculine Singular Oblique Nouns<\/strong><\/h3>\nOnly singular masculine nouns that ends in <span lang=\"hi\">\u0906<\/span> changes into <span lang=\"hi\">\u090f<\/span> in oblique case form. Others (singular masculine that does not end in <span lang=\"hi\">\u0906<\/span> and singular feminine) do not change.\n<div style=\"text-align: left\"><strong>For Examples:<\/strong><\/div>\n<ul>\n \t<li style=\"text-align: left\"><span lang=\"hi\">\u0932\u0921\u093c\u0915\u093e ---- \u0932\u0921\u093c\u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e \u0928\u093e\u092e<\/span> \u201cboy\u2019s name.\u201d (<span lang=\"hi\">\u0906<\/span> changes into <span lang=\"hi\">\u090f<\/span>)<\/li>\n \t<li style=\"text-align: left\"><span lang=\"hi\">\u0906\u0926\u092e\u0940 --- \u0906\u0926\u092e\u0940 \u0915\u093e \u0928\u093e\u092e<\/span> \u201cman\u2019s name\u201d (No change)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: center\"><strong>Feminine Singular Oblique Nouns<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">When a feminine singular noun is followed by any post-position, it does not change its form.<\/p>\n\n<div style=\"text-align: left\"><strong>For Examples:<\/strong><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<ul>\n \t<li style=\"text-align: left\"><span lang=\"hi\">\u0932\u0921\u093c\u0915\u0940 ---&nbsp; \u0932\u0921\u093c\u0915\u0940 \u0915\u093e \u0928\u093e\u092e<\/span> \u201cgirl\u2019s name\u201d (No change)<\/li>\n \t<li style=\"text-align: left\"><span lang=\"hi\">\u0915\u093f\u0924\u093e\u092c ---&nbsp; \u0915\u093f\u0924\u093e\u092c \u0915\u093e \u0928\u093e\u092e<\/span> \u201cBook\u2019s name\u201d (No change)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: center\">\n<h3 style=\"text-align: center\"><strong>Plural Oblique Nouns<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">All plural nouns (masculine and feminine) change into <span lang=\"hi\">\u0913\u0902<\/span> or <span lang=\"hi\">\u092f\u094b\u0902<\/span> in their oblique case forms.<\/p>\n\n<div style=\"text-align: left\"><strong>For Examples:<\/strong><\/div>\n<ul>\n \t<li style=\"text-align: left\"><span lang=\"hi\">\u0932\u0921\u093c\u0915\u0947 &nbsp; --- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;\u0932\u0921\u093c\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0928\u093e\u092e<\/span> \u201cBoys\u2019 names\u201d<\/li>\n \t<li style=\"text-align: left\"><span lang=\"hi\">\u0936\u0939\u0930 &nbsp; ---&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;\u0936\u0939\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0928\u093e\u092e<\/span> \u201cCities\u2019 names\u201d<\/li>\n \t<li style=\"text-align: left\"><span lang=\"hi\">\u0932\u0921\u093c\u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901 --- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;\u0932\u0921\u093c\u0915\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0928\u093e\u092e<\/span> \u201cGirls\u2019 names\u201d<\/li>\n \t<li style=\"text-align: left\"><span lang=\"hi\">\u0915\u093f\u0924\u093e\u092c\u0947\u0902&nbsp; ---&nbsp; &nbsp;\u0915\u093f\u0924\u093e\u092c\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0928\u093e\u092e<\/span> \u201cbooks\u2019 name\u201d<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: center\"><strong>Oblique Nouns Summary<\/strong><\/h3>\n<div style=\"text-align: center\">\n<table class=\"grid\" style=\"border-collapse: collapse;width: 100%;height: 174px\" border=\"0\">\n<tbody>\n<tr style=\"height: 16px\">\n<td style=\"width: 12.4222%;height: 16px\"><\/td>\n<th style=\"width: 40.5413%;text-align: center;height: 16px\" colspan=\"2\" scope=\"colgroup\"><strong>Masculine<\/strong><\/th>\n<th style=\"width: 47.0365%;text-align: center;height: 16px\" colspan=\"2\" scope=\"colgroup\"><strong>Feminine<\/strong><\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 16px\">\n<th style=\"width: 12.4222%;height: 16px\" rowspan=\"3\" scope=\"rowgroup\"><strong>Singular<\/strong><\/th>\n<th style=\"width: 18.1055%;text-align: center;height: 16px\" scope=\"col\"><strong>Type I<\/strong><\/th>\n<th style=\"width: 22.4358%;text-align: center;height: 16px\" scope=\"col\"><strong>Type II<\/strong><\/th>\n<th style=\"width: 27.0365%;text-align: center;height: 16px\" scope=\"col\"><strong>Type I<\/strong><\/th>\n<th style=\"width: 20%;text-align: center;height: 16px\" scope=\"col\"><strong>Type II<\/strong><\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 16px\">\n<td style=\"width: 18.1055%;text-align: center;height: 16px\"><span style=\"color: #ff00ff\">-<span lang=\"hi\">\u0906<\/span> changes in -<span lang=\"hi\">\u090f<\/span>&nbsp;<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 22.4358%;text-align: center;height: 16px\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff\">No change<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 27.0365%;text-align: center;height: 16px\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff\">No change<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 20%;text-align: center;height: 16px\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff\">No change<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 47px\">\n<td style=\"width: 18.1055%;height: 47px\"><span lang=\"hi\">\u0932\u0921\u093c\u0915\u093e - \u0932\u0921\u093c\u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e<\/span>\n\n\u0915\u092e\u0930\u093e - \u0915\u092e\u0930\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 22.4358%;height: 47px\"><span lang=\"hi\">\u0918\u0930 -\u0918\u0930 \u0915\u093e<\/span>\n\n\u092e\u0915\u093e\u0928 - \u092e\u0915\u093e\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 27.0365%;height: 47px\"><span lang=\"hi\">\u0932\u095c\u0915\u0940 - \u0932\u0921\u093c\u0915\u0940 \u0915\u094b<\/span>\n\n\u0916\u093f\u0921\u093c\u0915\u0940 - \u0916\u093f\u0921\u093c\u0915\u0940 \u092a\u0930<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 20%;height: 47px\"><span lang=\"hi\">\u0915\u093f\u0924\u093e\u092c - \u0915\u093f\u0924\u093e\u092c \u092e\u0947\u0902<\/span>\n\n\u092e\u0947\u091c\u093c - \u092e\u0947\u091c\u093c \u092a\u0930<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 16px\">\n<th style=\"width: 12.4222%;height: 16px\" rowspan=\"3\" scope=\"rowgroup\"><strong>Plural<\/strong><\/th>\n<th style=\"width: 18.1055%;text-align: center;height: 16px\" scope=\"col\"><strong>Type I<\/strong><\/th>\n<th style=\"width: 22.4358%;text-align: center;height: 16px\" scope=\"col\"><strong>Type II<\/strong><\/th>\n<th style=\"width: 27.0365%;text-align: center;height: 16px\" scope=\"col\"><strong>Type I<\/strong><\/th>\n<th style=\"width: 20%;text-align: center;height: 16px\" scope=\"col\"><strong>Type II<\/strong><\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 16px\">\n<td style=\"width: 87.5778%;height: 16px;text-align: center\" colspan=\"4\" scope=\"colgroup\"><span style=\"color: #ff00ff\">All masculine and feminine plural nouns change into <span lang=\"hi\">\u0913\u0902<\/span> or <span lang=\"hi\">\u092f\u094b\u0902<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 47px\">\n<td style=\"width: 18.1055%;height: 47px\"><span lang=\"hi\">\u0932\u0921\u093c\u0915\u0947 - \u0932\u0921\u093c\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b<\/span>\n\n\u0915\u092e\u0930\u0947 - \u0915\u092e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 22.4358%;height: 47px\"><span lang=\"hi\">\u0918\u0930 -\u0918\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e<\/span>\n\n\u092e\u0915\u093e\u0928 - \u092e\u0915\u093e\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 27.0365%;height: 47px\"><span lang=\"hi\">\u0932\u095c\u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901&nbsp; - \u0932\u0921\u093c\u0915\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b<\/span>\n\n\u0916\u093f\u0921\u093c\u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901 - \u0916\u093f\u0921\u093c\u0915\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u092a\u0930<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 20%;height: 47px\"><span lang=\"hi\">\u0915\u093f\u0924\u093e\u092c\u0947\u0902 - \u0915\u093f\u0924\u093e\u092c\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902<\/span>\n\n\u092e\u0947\u095b\u0947\u0902 - \u092e\u0947\u095b\u094b\u0902 \u092a\u0930<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: center\">Oblique Adjectives<\/h2>\n<div style=\"text-align: center\">\n<div style=\"text-align: left\">As we know Hindi adjectives can be classified into marked and unmarked adjectives.<\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: left\"><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: left\"><strong>Marked adjective<\/strong> (that ends in <span lang=\"hi\">\u0906<\/span>) changes in <span lang=\"hi\">\u090f<\/span> for oblique adjective form.<\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: left\"><strong>For Examples:<\/strong><\/div>\n<div>\n<ul>\n \t<li style=\"text-align: left\"><span lang=\"hi\">\u0905\u091a\u094d\u091b\u093e \u2013 \u0905\u091a\u094d\u091b\u093e \u0932\u0921\u093c\u0915\u093e ---- \u0905\u091a\u094d\u091b\u0947 \u0932\u0921\u093c\u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e \u0928\u093e\u092e<\/span> \u201cgood boy\u2019s name\u201d<\/li>\n \t<li style=\"text-align: left\"><span lang=\"hi\">\u092e\u0940\u0920\u093e --- \u092e\u0940\u0920\u093e \u092b\u0932 --- \u092e\u0940\u0920\u0947 \u092b\u0932\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902<\/span> \u201cIn sweet fruits\u201d<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: left\"><strong>Unmarked adjective<\/strong> (that does not end in <span lang=\"hi\">\u0906<\/span>) does not change in oblique adjective form.<\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: left\"><strong>For Examples:<\/strong><\/div>\n<ul>\n \t<li style=\"text-align: left\"><span lang=\"hi\">\u0938\u0941\u0928\u094d\u0926\u0930 --- \u0938\u0941\u0928\u094d\u0926\u0930 \u0932\u0921\u093c\u0915\u0940 --- \u0938\u0941\u0928\u094d\u0926\u0930 \u0932\u0921\u093c\u0915\u0940 \u0915\u093e \u0928\u093e\u092e<\/span> \u201cbeautiful girl\u2019s name\u201d (No change)<\/li>\n \t<li style=\"text-align: left\"><span lang=\"hi\">\u0939\u0935\u093e\u0926\u093e\u0930 --- \u0939\u0935\u093e\u0926\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u092e\u0930\u093e --- \u0939\u0935\u093e\u0926\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u092e\u0930\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902<\/span> \u201cIn a airy room\u201d (No change)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: center\"><strong>Summary of Oblique Adjectives<\/strong><\/h3>\n<div style=\"text-align: center\">\n<table class=\"grid\" style=\"border-collapse: collapse;width: 100%\" border=\"0\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 11.2765%\"><\/td>\n<th style=\"width: 40.6404%;text-align: center\" scope=\"col\"><strong>Marked&nbsp;<\/strong><\/th>\n<th style=\"width: 48.083%;text-align: center\" scope=\"col\"><strong>Unmarked<\/strong><\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"width: 11.2765%;text-align: center\" scope=\"row\"><strong>Rules<\/strong><\/th>\n<td style=\"width: 40.6404%;text-align: center\"><span style=\"color: #ff00ff\">-<span lang=\"hi\">\u0906<\/span> changes in -<span lang=\"hi\">\u090f<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 48.083%\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff\">No change<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"width: 11.2765%;text-align: center\" scope=\"row\"><strong>Examples<\/strong><\/th>\n<td style=\"width: 40.6404%\"><span lang=\"hi\">\u0905\u091a\u094d\u091b\u093e \u2013 \u0905\u091a\u094d\u091b\u093e \u0932\u0921\u093c\u0915\u093e - \u0905\u091a\u094d\u091b\u0947 \u0932\u0921\u093c\u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e<\/span>\n\n\u092e\u0940\u0920\u093e - \u092e\u0940\u0920\u093e \u092b\u0932 - \u092e\u0940\u0920\u0947 \u092b\u0932\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 48.083%\"><span lang=\"hi\">\u0938\u0941\u0928\u094d\u0926\u0930 - \u0938\u0941\u0928\u094d\u0926\u0930 \u0932\u0921\u093c\u0915\u0940 - \u0938\u0941\u0928\u094d\u0926\u0930 \u0932\u0921\u093c\u0915\u0940 \u0915\u093e \u0928\u093e\u092e<\/span>\n\n\u0939\u0935\u093e\u0926\u093e\u0930 - \u0939\u0935\u093e\u0926\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u092e\u0930\u093e - \u0939\u0935\u093e\u0926\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u092e\u0930\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: center\">Oblique Verbs<\/h2>\n<div style=\"text-align: center\">\n<div style=\"text-align: left\">We will learn more about verb in the next chapters (5 and 6). Here, please know that all the verbs in Hindi end in -<span lang=\"hi\">\u0906<\/span>, to be specific -<span lang=\"hi\">\u0928\u093e<\/span>.<\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: left\"><strong>For examples:<\/strong><\/div>\n<ul>\n \t<li style=\"text-align: left\"><span lang=\"hi\">\u0916\u093e\u0928\u093e<\/span> \"To eat\"<\/li>\n \t<li style=\"text-align: left\"><span lang=\"hi\">\u092a\u0922\u093c\u0928\u093e<\/span> \"To read\"<\/li>\n \t<li style=\"text-align: left\"><span lang=\"hi\">\u0938\u094b\u0928\u093e<\/span> \"To sleep\"<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: center\"><strong>Rule to change direct verb in oblique verb:<\/strong> -<span lang=\"hi\">\u0906<\/span> changes in -<span lang=\"hi\">\u090f<\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: left\"><strong>For Examples:<\/strong><\/div>\n<ul>\n \t<li style=\"text-align: left\"><span lang=\"hi\">\u0916\u093e\u0928\u093e<\/span> \"to eat\" - <span lang=\"hi\">\u0916\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f<\/span> \"in order to eat\/ to eat.\"<\/li>\n \t<li style=\"text-align: left\"><span lang=\"hi\">\u092a\u0922\u093c\u0928\u093e<\/span> \"to read\" - <span lang=\"hi\">\u092a\u0922\u093c\u0928\u0947 \u0938\u0947<\/span> \"by reading.\"<\/li>\n \t<li style=\"text-align: left\"><span lang=\"hi\">\u0938\u094b\u0928\u093e<\/span> \"to sleep\" - <span lang=\"hi\">\u0938\u094b\u0928\u0947 \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u0939\u0932\u0947<\/span> \"before sleeping.\"<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: center\">Oblique Pronouns<\/h2>\n<div style=\"text-align: center\">Hindi pronouns also change into oblique form when followed by a post-position.<\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: center\">\n<table class=\"grid\" style=\"border-collapse: collapse;width: 100%\" border=\"0\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"width: 13.3695%\" rowspan=\"2\" scope=\"col\"><strong>Pronouns in English<\/strong><\/th>\n<th style=\"width: 32.0162%;text-align: center\" colspan=\"2\" scope=\"colgroup\"><strong>Pronouns in Hindi<\/strong><\/th>\n<th style=\"width: 26.4952%;text-align: center\" colspan=\"2\" scope=\"colgroup\"><strong>Examples of pronouns with post-position<\/strong><\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"width: 13.7753%;text-align: center\" scope=\"col\"><strong>Direct&nbsp;<\/strong><\/th>\n<th style=\"width: 18.2409%;text-align: center\" scope=\"col\"><strong>Oblique<\/strong><\/th>\n<th style=\"width: 26.4952%;text-align: left\" scope=\"col\"><strong>Pronouns + <span lang=\"hi\">\u0915\u094b<\/span>&nbsp;<\/strong><\/th>\n<th style=\"width: 28.1191%;text-align: left\" scope=\"col\"><strong>Pronouns + <span lang=\"hi\">\u0938\u0947<\/span><\/strong><\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 13.3695%\">I<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 13.7753%\"><span lang=\"hi\">\u092e\u0948\u0902<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 18.2409%\"><span lang=\"hi\">\u092e\u0941\u091d<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 26.4952%\"><span lang=\"hi\">\u092e\u0941\u091d\u0947 \/ \u092e\u0941\u091d\u0915\u094b<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 28.1191%\"><span lang=\"hi\">\u092e\u0941\u091d \u0938\u0947<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 13.3695%\">We<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 13.7753%\"><span lang=\"hi\">\u0939\u092e<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 18.2409%\"><span lang=\"hi\">\u0939\u092e<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 26.4952%\"><span lang=\"hi\">\u0939\u092e\u0947\u0902 \/ \u0939\u092e\u0915\u094b<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 28.1191%\"><span lang=\"hi\">\u0939\u092e \u0938\u0947<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 13.3695%\">You<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 13.7753%\"><span lang=\"hi\">\u0924\u0942<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 18.2409%\"><span lang=\"hi\">\u0924\u0941\u091d<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 26.4952%\"><span lang=\"hi\">\u0924\u0941\u091d\u0947 \/ \u0924\u0941\u091d \u0915\u094b<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 28.1191%\"><span lang=\"hi\">\u0924\u0941\u091d \u0938\u0947<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 13.3695%\">You<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 13.7753%\"><span lang=\"hi\">\u0924\u0941\u092e<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 18.2409%\"><span lang=\"hi\">\u0924\u0941\u092e<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 26.4952%\"><span lang=\"hi\">\u0924\u0941\u092e\u094d\u0939\u0947\u0902 \/ \u0924\u0941\u092e \u0915\u094b<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 28.1191%\"><span lang=\"hi\">\u0924\u0941\u092e \u0938\u0947<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 13.3695%\">You<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 13.7753%\"><span lang=\"hi\">\u0906\u092a<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 18.2409%\"><span lang=\"hi\">\u0906\u092a<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 26.4952%\"><span lang=\"hi\">\u0906\u092a \u0915\u094b<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 28.1191%\"><span lang=\"hi\">\u0906\u092a \u0938\u0947<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 13.3695%\">S\/he (near)<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 13.7753%\"><span lang=\"hi\">\u092f\u0939<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 18.2409%\"><span lang=\"hi\">\u0907\u0938<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 26.4952%\"><span lang=\"hi\">\u0907\u0938\u0915\u094b<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 28.1191%\"><span lang=\"hi\">\u0907\u0938\u0938\u0947<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 13.3695%\">S\/he (far)<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 13.7753%\"><span lang=\"hi\">\u0935\u0939<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 18.2409%\"><span lang=\"hi\">\u0909\u0938<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 26.4952%\"><span lang=\"hi\">\u0909\u0938\u0915\u094b<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 28.1191%\"><span lang=\"hi\">\u0909\u0938\u0938\u0947<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 13.3695%\">They (near)<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 13.7753%\"><span lang=\"hi\">\u092f\u0947<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 18.2409%\"><span lang=\"hi\">\u0907\u0928<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 26.4952%\"><span lang=\"hi\">\u0907\u0928\u0915\u094b<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 28.1191%\"><span lang=\"hi\">\u0907\u0928\u0938\u0947<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 13.3695%\">They (far)<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 13.7753%\"><span lang=\"hi\">\u0935\u0947<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 18.2409%\"><span lang=\"hi\">\u0909\u0928<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 26.4952%\"><span lang=\"hi\">\u0909\u0928\u0915\u094b<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 28.1191%\"><span lang=\"hi\">\u0909\u0928\u0938\u0947<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 13.3695%\">Who (Sing.)<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 13.7753%\"><span lang=\"hi\">\u0915\u094c\u0928<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 18.2409%\"><span lang=\"hi\">\u0915\u093f\u0938<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 26.4952%\"><span lang=\"hi\">\u0915\u093f\u0938\u0915\u094b<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 28.1191%\"><span lang=\"hi\">\u0915\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 13.3695%\">Who (Plu.)<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 13.7753%\"><span lang=\"hi\">\u0915\u094c\u0928<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 18.2409%\"><span lang=\"hi\">\u0915\u093f\u0928<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 26.4952%\"><span lang=\"hi\">\u0915\u093f\u0928\u0915\u094b<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 28.1191%\"><span lang=\"hi\">\u0915\u093f\u0928\u0938\u0947<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 13.3695%\">What (Sing.)<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 13.7753%\"><span lang=\"hi\">\u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 18.2409%\"><span lang=\"hi\">\u0915\u093f\u0938<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 26.4952%\"><span lang=\"hi\">\u0915\u093f\u0938\u0915\u094b<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 28.1191%\"><span lang=\"hi\">\u0915\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 13.3695%\">What (Plu.)<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 13.7753%\"><span lang=\"hi\">\u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 18.2409%\"><span lang=\"hi\">\u0915\u093f\u0928<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 26.4952%\"><span lang=\"hi\">\u0915\u093f\u0928\u0915\u094b<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 28.1191%\"><span lang=\"hi\">\u0915\u093f\u0928\u0938\u0947<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: center\">Test Yourself<\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">[h5p id=\"71\"]<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">[h5p id=\"72\"]<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><strong><span lang=\"hi\">\u0927\u0928\u094d\u092f\u0935\u093e\u0926 !<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n","rendered":"<h2 style=\"text-align: center\">Oblique Case Video<\/h2>\n<div style=\"text-align: center\">\n<p style=\"text-align: left\"><strong>Instructor Video: <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/mediaspace.msu.edu\/media\/Chapter+4_Oblique+Case_OER\/1_xzz8d3e6\"><strong>Oblique Case<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">Case is a property of a word which indicates its uses within a phrase or a sentence. In Hindi, based on form, there are two types of case: (a) Direct case, and (b) Oblique case.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: left\"><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: left\">(a) Direct Case: The direct case is used with a nominal phrase which is not followed by a post-position.<\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: left\">(b) Oblique Case: The oblique case is used with a nominal phrase which is followed by a post-position.<\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: left\"><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: left\">Nouns, pronouns, adjectives and verbs change in oblique case form when followed by a post-position.<\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: center\"><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: center\"><strong>Note:<\/strong> Please note that when a nouns, pronouns, adjectives and verbs are in oblique case form, they do not change their meanings. It is just a grammatical form which has nothing to do with the meaning of those words. This is why, typically, Hindi learners struggle to acquire this very crucial but meaningless feature of Hindi language.<\/div>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: center\">Oblique Noun<\/h2>\n<div style=\"text-align: center\">\n<h3 style=\"text-align: center\"><strong>Masculine Singular Oblique Nouns<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>Only singular masculine nouns that ends in <span lang=\"hi\">\u0906<\/span> changes into <span lang=\"hi\">\u090f<\/span> in oblique case form. Others (singular masculine that does not end in <span lang=\"hi\">\u0906<\/span> and singular feminine) do not change.<\/p>\n<div style=\"text-align: left\"><strong>For Examples:<\/strong><\/div>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"text-align: left\"><span lang=\"hi\">\u0932\u0921\u093c\u0915\u093e &#8212;- \u0932\u0921\u093c\u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e \u0928\u093e\u092e<\/span> \u201cboy\u2019s name.\u201d (<span lang=\"hi\">\u0906<\/span> changes into <span lang=\"hi\">\u090f<\/span>)<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: left\"><span lang=\"hi\">\u0906\u0926\u092e\u0940 &#8212; \u0906\u0926\u092e\u0940 \u0915\u093e \u0928\u093e\u092e<\/span> \u201cman\u2019s name\u201d (No change)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: center\"><strong>Feminine Singular Oblique Nouns<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">When a feminine singular noun is followed by any post-position, it does not change its form.<\/p>\n<div style=\"text-align: left\"><strong>For Examples:<\/strong><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"text-align: left\"><span lang=\"hi\">\u0932\u0921\u093c\u0915\u0940 &#8212;&nbsp; \u0932\u0921\u093c\u0915\u0940 \u0915\u093e \u0928\u093e\u092e<\/span> \u201cgirl\u2019s name\u201d (No change)<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: left\"><span lang=\"hi\">\u0915\u093f\u0924\u093e\u092c &#8212;&nbsp; \u0915\u093f\u0924\u093e\u092c \u0915\u093e \u0928\u093e\u092e<\/span> \u201cBook\u2019s name\u201d (No change)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: center\">\n<h3 style=\"text-align: center\"><strong>Plural Oblique Nouns<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">All plural nouns (masculine and feminine) change into <span lang=\"hi\">\u0913\u0902<\/span> or <span lang=\"hi\">\u092f\u094b\u0902<\/span> in their oblique case forms.<\/p>\n<div style=\"text-align: left\"><strong>For Examples:<\/strong><\/div>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"text-align: left\"><span lang=\"hi\">\u0932\u0921\u093c\u0915\u0947 &nbsp; &#8212; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;\u0932\u0921\u093c\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0928\u093e\u092e<\/span> \u201cBoys\u2019 names\u201d<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: left\"><span lang=\"hi\">\u0936\u0939\u0930 &nbsp; &#8212;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;\u0936\u0939\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0928\u093e\u092e<\/span> \u201cCities\u2019 names\u201d<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: left\"><span lang=\"hi\">\u0932\u0921\u093c\u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901 &#8212; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;\u0932\u0921\u093c\u0915\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0928\u093e\u092e<\/span> \u201cGirls\u2019 names\u201d<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: left\"><span lang=\"hi\">\u0915\u093f\u0924\u093e\u092c\u0947\u0902&nbsp; &#8212;&nbsp; &nbsp;\u0915\u093f\u0924\u093e\u092c\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0928\u093e\u092e<\/span> \u201cbooks\u2019 name\u201d<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: center\"><strong>Oblique Nouns Summary<\/strong><\/h3>\n<div style=\"text-align: center\">\n<table class=\"grid\" style=\"border-collapse: collapse;width: 100%;height: 174px\">\n<tbody>\n<tr style=\"height: 16px\">\n<td style=\"width: 12.4222%;height: 16px\"><\/td>\n<th style=\"width: 40.5413%;text-align: center;height: 16px\" colspan=\"2\" scope=\"colgroup\"><strong>Masculine<\/strong><\/th>\n<th style=\"width: 47.0365%;text-align: center;height: 16px\" colspan=\"2\" scope=\"colgroup\"><strong>Feminine<\/strong><\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 16px\">\n<th style=\"width: 12.4222%;height: 16px\" rowspan=\"3\" scope=\"rowgroup\"><strong>Singular<\/strong><\/th>\n<th style=\"width: 18.1055%;text-align: center;height: 16px\" scope=\"col\"><strong>Type I<\/strong><\/th>\n<th style=\"width: 22.4358%;text-align: center;height: 16px\" scope=\"col\"><strong>Type II<\/strong><\/th>\n<th style=\"width: 27.0365%;text-align: center;height: 16px\" scope=\"col\"><strong>Type I<\/strong><\/th>\n<th style=\"width: 20%;text-align: center;height: 16px\" scope=\"col\"><strong>Type II<\/strong><\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 16px\">\n<td style=\"width: 18.1055%;text-align: center;height: 16px\"><span style=\"color: #ff00ff\">&#8211;<span lang=\"hi\">\u0906<\/span> changes in &#8211;<span lang=\"hi\">\u090f<\/span>&nbsp;<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 22.4358%;text-align: center;height: 16px\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff\">No change<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 27.0365%;text-align: center;height: 16px\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff\">No change<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 20%;text-align: center;height: 16px\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff\">No change<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 47px\">\n<td style=\"width: 18.1055%;height: 47px\"><span lang=\"hi\">\u0932\u0921\u093c\u0915\u093e &#8211; \u0932\u0921\u093c\u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u0915\u092e\u0930\u093e &#8211; \u0915\u092e\u0930\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 22.4358%;height: 47px\"><span lang=\"hi\">\u0918\u0930 -\u0918\u0930 \u0915\u093e<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u092e\u0915\u093e\u0928 &#8211; \u092e\u0915\u093e\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 27.0365%;height: 47px\"><span lang=\"hi\">\u0932\u095c\u0915\u0940 &#8211; \u0932\u0921\u093c\u0915\u0940 \u0915\u094b<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u0916\u093f\u0921\u093c\u0915\u0940 &#8211; \u0916\u093f\u0921\u093c\u0915\u0940 \u092a\u0930<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 20%;height: 47px\"><span lang=\"hi\">\u0915\u093f\u0924\u093e\u092c &#8211; \u0915\u093f\u0924\u093e\u092c \u092e\u0947\u0902<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u092e\u0947\u091c\u093c &#8211; \u092e\u0947\u091c\u093c \u092a\u0930<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 16px\">\n<th style=\"width: 12.4222%;height: 16px\" rowspan=\"3\" scope=\"rowgroup\"><strong>Plural<\/strong><\/th>\n<th style=\"width: 18.1055%;text-align: center;height: 16px\" scope=\"col\"><strong>Type I<\/strong><\/th>\n<th style=\"width: 22.4358%;text-align: center;height: 16px\" scope=\"col\"><strong>Type II<\/strong><\/th>\n<th style=\"width: 27.0365%;text-align: center;height: 16px\" scope=\"col\"><strong>Type I<\/strong><\/th>\n<th style=\"width: 20%;text-align: center;height: 16px\" scope=\"col\"><strong>Type II<\/strong><\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 16px\">\n<td style=\"width: 87.5778%;height: 16px;text-align: center\" colspan=\"4\" scope=\"colgroup\"><span style=\"color: #ff00ff\">All masculine and feminine plural nouns change into <span lang=\"hi\">\u0913\u0902<\/span> or <span lang=\"hi\">\u092f\u094b\u0902<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 47px\">\n<td style=\"width: 18.1055%;height: 47px\"><span lang=\"hi\">\u0932\u0921\u093c\u0915\u0947 &#8211; \u0932\u0921\u093c\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u0915\u092e\u0930\u0947 &#8211; \u0915\u092e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 22.4358%;height: 47px\"><span lang=\"hi\">\u0918\u0930 -\u0918\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u092e\u0915\u093e\u0928 &#8211; \u092e\u0915\u093e\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 27.0365%;height: 47px\"><span lang=\"hi\">\u0932\u095c\u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901&nbsp; &#8211; \u0932\u0921\u093c\u0915\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u0916\u093f\u0921\u093c\u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901 &#8211; \u0916\u093f\u0921\u093c\u0915\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u092a\u0930<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 20%;height: 47px\"><span lang=\"hi\">\u0915\u093f\u0924\u093e\u092c\u0947\u0902 &#8211; \u0915\u093f\u0924\u093e\u092c\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u092e\u0947\u095b\u0947\u0902 &#8211; \u092e\u0947\u095b\u094b\u0902 \u092a\u0930<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: center\">Oblique Adjectives<\/h2>\n<div style=\"text-align: center\">\n<div style=\"text-align: left\">As we know Hindi adjectives can be classified into marked and unmarked adjectives.<\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: left\"><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: left\"><strong>Marked adjective<\/strong> (that ends in <span lang=\"hi\">\u0906<\/span>) changes in <span lang=\"hi\">\u090f<\/span> for oblique adjective form.<\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: left\"><strong>For Examples:<\/strong><\/div>\n<div>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"text-align: left\"><span lang=\"hi\">\u0905\u091a\u094d\u091b\u093e \u2013 \u0905\u091a\u094d\u091b\u093e \u0932\u0921\u093c\u0915\u093e &#8212;- \u0905\u091a\u094d\u091b\u0947 \u0932\u0921\u093c\u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e \u0928\u093e\u092e<\/span> \u201cgood boy\u2019s name\u201d<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: left\"><span lang=\"hi\">\u092e\u0940\u0920\u093e &#8212; \u092e\u0940\u0920\u093e \u092b\u0932 &#8212; \u092e\u0940\u0920\u0947 \u092b\u0932\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902<\/span> \u201cIn sweet fruits\u201d<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: left\"><strong>Unmarked adjective<\/strong> (that does not end in <span lang=\"hi\">\u0906<\/span>) does not change in oblique adjective form.<\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: left\"><strong>For Examples:<\/strong><\/div>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"text-align: left\"><span lang=\"hi\">\u0938\u0941\u0928\u094d\u0926\u0930 &#8212; \u0938\u0941\u0928\u094d\u0926\u0930 \u0932\u0921\u093c\u0915\u0940 &#8212; \u0938\u0941\u0928\u094d\u0926\u0930 \u0932\u0921\u093c\u0915\u0940 \u0915\u093e \u0928\u093e\u092e<\/span> \u201cbeautiful girl\u2019s name\u201d (No change)<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: left\"><span lang=\"hi\">\u0939\u0935\u093e\u0926\u093e\u0930 &#8212; \u0939\u0935\u093e\u0926\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u092e\u0930\u093e &#8212; \u0939\u0935\u093e\u0926\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u092e\u0930\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902<\/span> \u201cIn a airy room\u201d (No change)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: center\"><strong>Summary of Oblique Adjectives<\/strong><\/h3>\n<div style=\"text-align: center\">\n<table class=\"grid\" style=\"border-collapse: collapse;width: 100%\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 11.2765%\"><\/td>\n<th style=\"width: 40.6404%;text-align: center\" scope=\"col\"><strong>Marked&nbsp;<\/strong><\/th>\n<th style=\"width: 48.083%;text-align: center\" scope=\"col\"><strong>Unmarked<\/strong><\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"width: 11.2765%;text-align: center\" scope=\"row\"><strong>Rules<\/strong><\/th>\n<td style=\"width: 40.6404%;text-align: center\"><span style=\"color: #ff00ff\">&#8211;<span lang=\"hi\">\u0906<\/span> changes in &#8211;<span lang=\"hi\">\u090f<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 48.083%\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff\">No change<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"width: 11.2765%;text-align: center\" scope=\"row\"><strong>Examples<\/strong><\/th>\n<td style=\"width: 40.6404%\"><span lang=\"hi\">\u0905\u091a\u094d\u091b\u093e \u2013 \u0905\u091a\u094d\u091b\u093e \u0932\u0921\u093c\u0915\u093e &#8211; \u0905\u091a\u094d\u091b\u0947 \u0932\u0921\u093c\u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u092e\u0940\u0920\u093e &#8211; \u092e\u0940\u0920\u093e \u092b\u0932 &#8211; \u092e\u0940\u0920\u0947 \u092b\u0932\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 48.083%\"><span lang=\"hi\">\u0938\u0941\u0928\u094d\u0926\u0930 &#8211; \u0938\u0941\u0928\u094d\u0926\u0930 \u0932\u0921\u093c\u0915\u0940 &#8211; \u0938\u0941\u0928\u094d\u0926\u0930 \u0932\u0921\u093c\u0915\u0940 \u0915\u093e \u0928\u093e\u092e<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u0939\u0935\u093e\u0926\u093e\u0930 &#8211; \u0939\u0935\u093e\u0926\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u092e\u0930\u093e &#8211; \u0939\u0935\u093e\u0926\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u092e\u0930\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: center\">Oblique Verbs<\/h2>\n<div style=\"text-align: center\">\n<div style=\"text-align: left\">We will learn more about verb in the next chapters (5 and 6). Here, please know that all the verbs in Hindi end in &#8211;<span lang=\"hi\">\u0906<\/span>, to be specific &#8211;<span lang=\"hi\">\u0928\u093e<\/span>.<\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: left\"><strong>For examples:<\/strong><\/div>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"text-align: left\"><span lang=\"hi\">\u0916\u093e\u0928\u093e<\/span> &#8220;To eat&#8221;<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: left\"><span lang=\"hi\">\u092a\u0922\u093c\u0928\u093e<\/span> &#8220;To read&#8221;<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: left\"><span lang=\"hi\">\u0938\u094b\u0928\u093e<\/span> &#8220;To sleep&#8221;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: center\"><strong>Rule to change direct verb in oblique verb:<\/strong> &#8211;<span lang=\"hi\">\u0906<\/span> changes in &#8211;<span lang=\"hi\">\u090f<\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: left\"><strong>For Examples:<\/strong><\/div>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"text-align: left\"><span lang=\"hi\">\u0916\u093e\u0928\u093e<\/span> &#8220;to eat&#8221; &#8211; <span lang=\"hi\">\u0916\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f<\/span> &#8220;in order to eat\/ to eat.&#8221;<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: left\"><span lang=\"hi\">\u092a\u0922\u093c\u0928\u093e<\/span> &#8220;to read&#8221; &#8211; <span lang=\"hi\">\u092a\u0922\u093c\u0928\u0947 \u0938\u0947<\/span> &#8220;by reading.&#8221;<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: left\"><span lang=\"hi\">\u0938\u094b\u0928\u093e<\/span> &#8220;to sleep&#8221; &#8211; <span lang=\"hi\">\u0938\u094b\u0928\u0947 \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u0939\u0932\u0947<\/span> &#8220;before sleeping.&#8221;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: center\">Oblique Pronouns<\/h2>\n<div style=\"text-align: center\">Hindi pronouns also change into oblique form when followed by a post-position.<\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: center\">\n<table class=\"grid\" style=\"border-collapse: collapse;width: 100%\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"width: 13.3695%\" rowspan=\"2\" scope=\"col\"><strong>Pronouns in English<\/strong><\/th>\n<th style=\"width: 32.0162%;text-align: center\" colspan=\"2\" scope=\"colgroup\"><strong>Pronouns in Hindi<\/strong><\/th>\n<th style=\"width: 26.4952%;text-align: center\" colspan=\"2\" scope=\"colgroup\"><strong>Examples of pronouns with post-position<\/strong><\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"width: 13.7753%;text-align: center\" scope=\"col\"><strong>Direct&nbsp;<\/strong><\/th>\n<th style=\"width: 18.2409%;text-align: center\" scope=\"col\"><strong>Oblique<\/strong><\/th>\n<th style=\"width: 26.4952%;text-align: left\" scope=\"col\"><strong>Pronouns + <span lang=\"hi\">\u0915\u094b<\/span>&nbsp;<\/strong><\/th>\n<th style=\"width: 28.1191%;text-align: left\" scope=\"col\"><strong>Pronouns + <span lang=\"hi\">\u0938\u0947<\/span><\/strong><\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 13.3695%\">I<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 13.7753%\"><span lang=\"hi\">\u092e\u0948\u0902<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 18.2409%\"><span lang=\"hi\">\u092e\u0941\u091d<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 26.4952%\"><span lang=\"hi\">\u092e\u0941\u091d\u0947 \/ \u092e\u0941\u091d\u0915\u094b<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 28.1191%\"><span lang=\"hi\">\u092e\u0941\u091d \u0938\u0947<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 13.3695%\">We<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 13.7753%\"><span lang=\"hi\">\u0939\u092e<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 18.2409%\"><span lang=\"hi\">\u0939\u092e<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 26.4952%\"><span lang=\"hi\">\u0939\u092e\u0947\u0902 \/ \u0939\u092e\u0915\u094b<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 28.1191%\"><span lang=\"hi\">\u0939\u092e \u0938\u0947<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 13.3695%\">You<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 13.7753%\"><span lang=\"hi\">\u0924\u0942<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 18.2409%\"><span lang=\"hi\">\u0924\u0941\u091d<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 26.4952%\"><span lang=\"hi\">\u0924\u0941\u091d\u0947 \/ \u0924\u0941\u091d \u0915\u094b<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 28.1191%\"><span lang=\"hi\">\u0924\u0941\u091d \u0938\u0947<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 13.3695%\">You<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 13.7753%\"><span lang=\"hi\">\u0924\u0941\u092e<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 18.2409%\"><span lang=\"hi\">\u0924\u0941\u092e<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 26.4952%\"><span lang=\"hi\">\u0924\u0941\u092e\u094d\u0939\u0947\u0902 \/ \u0924\u0941\u092e \u0915\u094b<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 28.1191%\"><span lang=\"hi\">\u0924\u0941\u092e \u0938\u0947<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 13.3695%\">You<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 13.7753%\"><span lang=\"hi\">\u0906\u092a<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 18.2409%\"><span lang=\"hi\">\u0906\u092a<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 26.4952%\"><span lang=\"hi\">\u0906\u092a \u0915\u094b<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 28.1191%\"><span lang=\"hi\">\u0906\u092a \u0938\u0947<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 13.3695%\">S\/he (near)<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 13.7753%\"><span lang=\"hi\">\u092f\u0939<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 18.2409%\"><span lang=\"hi\">\u0907\u0938<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 26.4952%\"><span lang=\"hi\">\u0907\u0938\u0915\u094b<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 28.1191%\"><span lang=\"hi\">\u0907\u0938\u0938\u0947<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 13.3695%\">S\/he (far)<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 13.7753%\"><span lang=\"hi\">\u0935\u0939<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 18.2409%\"><span lang=\"hi\">\u0909\u0938<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 26.4952%\"><span lang=\"hi\">\u0909\u0938\u0915\u094b<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 28.1191%\"><span lang=\"hi\">\u0909\u0938\u0938\u0947<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 13.3695%\">They (near)<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 13.7753%\"><span lang=\"hi\">\u092f\u0947<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 18.2409%\"><span lang=\"hi\">\u0907\u0928<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 26.4952%\"><span lang=\"hi\">\u0907\u0928\u0915\u094b<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 28.1191%\"><span lang=\"hi\">\u0907\u0928\u0938\u0947<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 13.3695%\">They (far)<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 13.7753%\"><span lang=\"hi\">\u0935\u0947<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 18.2409%\"><span lang=\"hi\">\u0909\u0928<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 26.4952%\"><span lang=\"hi\">\u0909\u0928\u0915\u094b<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 28.1191%\"><span lang=\"hi\">\u0909\u0928\u0938\u0947<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 13.3695%\">Who (Sing.)<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 13.7753%\"><span lang=\"hi\">\u0915\u094c\u0928<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 18.2409%\"><span lang=\"hi\">\u0915\u093f\u0938<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 26.4952%\"><span lang=\"hi\">\u0915\u093f\u0938\u0915\u094b<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 28.1191%\"><span lang=\"hi\">\u0915\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 13.3695%\">Who (Plu.)<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 13.7753%\"><span lang=\"hi\">\u0915\u094c\u0928<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 18.2409%\"><span lang=\"hi\">\u0915\u093f\u0928<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 26.4952%\"><span lang=\"hi\">\u0915\u093f\u0928\u0915\u094b<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 28.1191%\"><span lang=\"hi\">\u0915\u093f\u0928\u0938\u0947<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 13.3695%\">What (Sing.)<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 13.7753%\"><span lang=\"hi\">\u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 18.2409%\"><span lang=\"hi\">\u0915\u093f\u0938<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 26.4952%\"><span lang=\"hi\">\u0915\u093f\u0938\u0915\u094b<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 28.1191%\"><span lang=\"hi\">\u0915\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 13.3695%\">What (Plu.)<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 13.7753%\"><span lang=\"hi\">\u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 18.2409%\"><span lang=\"hi\">\u0915\u093f\u0928<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 26.4952%\"><span lang=\"hi\">\u0915\u093f\u0928\u0915\u094b<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 28.1191%\"><span lang=\"hi\">\u0915\u093f\u0928\u0938\u0947<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: center\">Test Yourself<\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><strong><span lang=\"hi\">\u0927\u0928\u094d\u092f\u0935\u093e\u0926 !<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":24,"menu_order":7,"template":"","meta":{"pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":[],"pb_section_license":""},"chapter-type":[],"contributor":[],"license":[],"class_list":["post-229","chapter","type-chapter","status-publish","hentry"],"part":158,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ibooks.braou.ac.in\/aaohindiseekhein\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/229","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ibooks.braou.ac.in\/aaohindiseekhein\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ibooks.braou.ac.in\/aaohindiseekhein\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ibooks.braou.ac.in\/aaohindiseekhein\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/24"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/ibooks.braou.ac.in\/aaohindiseekhein\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/229\/revisions"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/ibooks.braou.ac.in\/aaohindiseekhein\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/158"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/ibooks.braou.ac.in\/aaohindiseekhein\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/229\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ibooks.braou.ac.in\/aaohindiseekhein\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=229"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ibooks.braou.ac.in\/aaohindiseekhein\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=229"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ibooks.braou.ac.in\/aaohindiseekhein\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=229"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ibooks.braou.ac.in\/aaohindiseekhein\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=229"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}